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- Norops homolechis

2- Norops :

Norops is the proposed generic name for 150 lizard species traditionally classified in the genus Anolis (family, Iguanidae). Guyer and Savage (1986) applied this name to a group that Etheridge (1959) designated the "beta anoles" on the basis of skeletal characters that distinguished them from all other anole species (i.e., "the alpha anoles"). Although Norops is clearly a distinct, monophyletic group, it renders the "alpha anoles" paraphyletic. Guyer and Savage's proposed remedy for this problem involved the designation of four additional genera within the "alpha anoles". However, three of these genera are not supported as monophyletic by recent phylogenetic studies (Jackman et al. 1998, Poe 2004, Nicholson et al. 2005). As a result, recognition of Norops as a genus is premature and likely to confound efforts to study and conserve anoles. This position is stated explicitly in recent phylogenetic studies: 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Not to be confused with Norops (clade)

 

Norops is the proposed generic name for 150 lizard species traditionally classified in the genus Anolis (family, Iguanidae). Guyer and Savage (1986) applied this name to a group that Etheridge (1959) designated the "beta anoles" on the basis of skeletal characters that distinguished them from all other anole species (i.e., "the alpha anoles"). Although Norops is clearly a distinct, monophyletic group, it renders the "alpha anoles" paraphyletic. Guyer and Savage's proposed remedy for this problem involved the designation of four additional genera within the "alpha anoles". However, three of these genera are not supported as monophyletic by recent phylogenetic studies (Jackman et al. 1998, Poe 2004, Nicholson et al. 2005). As a result, recognition of Norops as a genus is premature and likely to confound efforts to study and conserve anoles. This position is stated explicitly in recent phylogenetic studies:

 

"Four of the Guyer and Savage genera have been shown to be paraphyletic (Poe, 1998; Jackman et al., 1999), and recognition of their remaining genus Norops would necessitate an entirely new Anolis taxonomy. Thus, their generic-level taxonomy is not followed here."—Poe 2004, p. 38

 

"The problem with recognizing Norops as a genus is that it necessarily renders Anolis (sensu lato) paraphyletic. Thus recognizing Norops as a genus is inappropriate..."—Nicholson 2002

 

 

Norops

Anolis polylepis, also called Norops polylepis, in Costa Rica, displaying a yellow dewlap

Scientific classification:

Kingdom:Animalia

Phylum:Chordata

Class:Reptilia

Order:Squamata

Suborder:Iguania

Family:Polychrotidae

Genus:Norops
Wagler, 1830

Species :

c.150, see text

Norops poecilopus

In spite of these recommendations, Norops remains widely accepted by workers in mainland Central and South America. However, it is universally rejected by West Indian workers. These differences may be due to the fact the mainland fauna is dominated by only two deeply divergent clades (Norops and Dactyloa in Guyer and Savage's terminology), whereas the West Indian radiation is much more taxomically diverse, and relationships less certain. As a result, some members of Savage and Guyer's Anolis on Cuba are actually more closely related to Cuban species placed in Norops than they are to other Anolis, thus reinforcing the earlier point that recognition of Norops is too problematic to warrant its continued recognition.

Species of genus Norops :

 

  • Norops ahli

  • Norops allogus

  • Norops altae

  • Norops alvarezdeltoroi

  • Norops amplisquamosus

  • Norops anisolepis

  • Norops annectens

  • Norops antonii

  • Norops aquaticus

  • Norops auratus

  • Norops baccatus

  • Norops barkeri

  • Norops bicaorum

  • Norops biporcatus

  • Norops birama

  • Norops bitectus

  • Norops bocourtii

  • Norops bombiceps

  • Norops bouvierii

  • Norops breedlovei

  • Norops bremeri

  • Norops capito

  • Norops carpenteri

  • Norops cobanensis

  • Norops compressicauda

  • Norops concolor

  • Norops confusus

  • Norops conspersus

  • Norops crassulus

  • Norops cumingii

  • Norops cupreus

  • Norops cuprinus

  • Norops cusuco

  • Norops cymbops

  • Norops damulus

  • Norops delafuentei

  • Norops dollfusianus

  • Norops duellmani

  • Norops dunni

  • Norops exsul

  • Norops forbesi

  • Norops fortunensis

  • Norops fungosus

  • Norops fuscoauratus

  • Norops gadovii

  • Norops garmani

  • Norops gibbiceps

  • Norops gracilipes

  • Norops grahami

  • Norops granuliceps

  • Norops guafe

  • Norops guazuma

  • Norops haguei

  • Norops hobartsmithi

  • Norops homolechis

  • Norops humilis

  • Norops ibague

  • Norops imias

  • Norops intermedius

  • Norops isthmicus

  • Norops johnmeyeri

  • Norops jubar

  • Norops kemptoni

  • Norops kreutzi

  • Norops laeviventris

  • Norops lemniscatus

  • Norops lemurinus

  • Norops limifrons

  • Norops lineatopus

  • Norops lineatus

  • Norops liogaster

  • Norops lionotus

  • Norops loveridgei

  • Norops lynchi

  • Norops macrinii

  • Norops macrolepis

  • Norops macrophallus

  • Norops maculiventris

  • Norops mariarum

  • Norops matudai

  • Norops medemi

  • Norops megapholidotus

  • Norops meridionalis

  • Norops mestrei

  • Norops microlepidotus

  • Norops microlepis

  • Norops milleri

  • Norops muralla

  • Norops naufragus

  • Norops nebuloides

  • Norops nebulosus

  • Norops nitens

  • Norops notopholis

  • Norops ocelloscapularis

  • Norops omiltemanus

  • Norops onca

  • Norops opalinus

  • Norops ophiolepis

  • Norops ortonii

  • Norops pachypus

  • Norops pandoensis

  • Norops parvicirculatus

  • Norops pentaprion

  • Norops petersii

  • Norops pijolense

  • Norops pinchoti

  • Norops poecilopus

  • Norops polylepis

  • Norops polyrhachis

  • Norops purpurgularis

  • Norops pygmaeus

  • Norops quadriocellifer

  • Norops quercorum

  • Norops reconditus

  • Norops rhombifer

  • Norops rivalis

  • Norops roatanensis

  • Norops rodriguezi

  • Norops rubribarbaris

  • Norops rubribarbus

  • Norops sagrei

  • Norops salvini

  • Norops scapularis

  • Norops schiedei

  • Norops schmidti

  • Norops sericeus

  • Norops serranoi

  • Norops simmonsi

  • Norops sminthus

  • Norops subocularis

  • Norops sulcifrons

  • Norops taylori

  • Norops tolimensis

  • Norops townsendi

  • Norops trachyderma

  • Norops tropidogaster

  • Norops tropidolepis

  • Norops tropidonotus

  • Norops uniformis

  • Norops utilensis

  • Norops utowanae

  • Norops valencienni

  • Norops vicarius

  • Norops villai

  • Norops vittigerus

  • Norops vociferans

  • Norops wampuensis

  • Norops wermuthi

  • Norops woodi

  • Norops yoroensis

  • Norops zeus

References :

 

Video :

Norops capito

Norops’ last stand?

courtesy to :  www.anoleannals.org/2011/01/07/norops%E2%80%99-last-stand/

January 7, 2011  - Jonathan Losos

In the mid-1980’s, Guyer and Savage proposed dividing Anolis into five genera.  This proposal has mostly been rejected by the anole community, for reasons detailed in Poe (2004), Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree and the Wikipedia Norops page.  The main reason is that although Guyer and Savage’s proposed genus Norops is monophyletic, all of the other proposed genera are not.  Moreover, given the uncertainty that still exists about relationships at the base of the anole tree, sundering anoles into well-supported monophyletic subclades is still not possible.  Finally, in Guyer and Savage’s initial paper, Anolis sensu lato was found to be monophyletic—so why bother?  Even though we now know that Chamaeleolis, Chamaelinorops, and Phenacosaurus arose from within Anolis, it is much simpler to sink these genera into Anolis rather than to try to break anoles into umpteen different genera—many poorly supported.

 

Despite these points, and the general support for retention of an unsullied Anolis, support for Norops has one last redoubt, in Central America, and with particular strength in Costa Rica.  There, the use of Norops is nearly ubiquitous, as evident in the Reptiles of Costa Rica flashcard pictured above (and for sale throughout the country). A variety of reasons—historical, sociological, and biogeographic—probably explain the warmth for Norops there and antipathy elsewhere.  Certainly, Norops dominates the anole fauna of Central America, whereas it is less dominant in South America and more of a bit player in the Caribbean.  In addition, the legacy of Jay Savage and his students is strong in Central America, whereas much Caribbean anole work can be traced back to Ernest Williams’ academic progeny.

 

Regardless, what will the future hold?  Will the use of Norops as a genus name be swept away by the tide of arguments cited above?  Or, will the trend of taxonomic splitting so prevalent elsewhere in the systematic world—both herpetological and otherwise—visit anoles and lead to a resurgence of Noropsomania?  Somehow, I think we have not seen the end of efforts to divvy up anoles.

Other Videos : 

- Norops capito

Norops lemurinus (also called Anolis lemurinus) female - hembra

A couple of Norops lemurinus 01

Norops mariarum.avi

Species : 

 

1- Norops

courtesy to :  sites.google.com/site/kuscarji/vrste-kuscarjev/polychrotidae

-  Norops auratus (angl. Grass Anole)

-   Norops biporcatus

-  Norops nebulosus 

- Norops quercorum

-  Norops schmidti 

 - Norops subocularis 

-  Norops sericeus

 Care & breed in captivity :

 

  This group of lizards are much similar to the anolis species ..

But yet not in the pet trade nirther among the hobbyists even in it's original place ..

I regret to say that no special  article found to care of them 

Vivarium & Terrarium Creatures .. 

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